PSG has now claimed the season-opening cup on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the French league champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times late to seize a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the final moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 years.